Grit

Effort counts twice — talent without effort produces nothing meaningful.

Grit is passion plus perseverance, sustained over years not days.

Find a 'top-level goal' — a north star — and prune lower goals that don't serve it.

Deliberate practice: stretch goals, full focus, immediate feedback, repetition.

Purpose — work that helps others — fuels long-term grit better than self-interest.

Hope is learned: setbacks are temporary, specific, and addressable.

Surround yourself with a gritty culture; environment shapes behavior more than willpower.